Raw Milk Is Growing in Popularity—But Is it Safe to Drink?

Raw Milk: Growing Popularity and Safety Concerns

What Is Raw Milk?
Raw milk is milk that hasn’t gone through pasteurization, a process that heats milk to kill bacteria and improve shelf life. Without this step, raw milk goes straight from the cow to the consumer. While some believe raw milk offers more health benefits, experts warn about serious safety risks.

The Popularity of Raw Milk
A 2022 report showed that nearly 5% of U.S. adults drank raw milk at least once in the past year. Its sales are increasing, and 27 states now allow it to be sold directly to consumers. With more people seeking raw milk, experts expect laws on its sale to expand further.

Safety Risks and Health Concerns
Despite its appeal, raw milk can carry dangerous bacteria like E. coli, Listeria, and Salmonella. According to the CDC, raw milk is 840 times more likely to cause illness than pasteurized milk. Infections from these bacteria can lead to food poisoning, causing symptoms like diarrhea, nausea, and fever. In severe cases, it may cause kidney damage or even death.

Is Raw Milk More Nutritious?
Supporters claim raw milk is healthier because pasteurization can reduce certain vitamins like B12 and C. However, experts note these differences are minimal and don’t outweigh the safety benefits of pasteurized milk. Kacie Barnes, RDN, points out that pasteurization offers peace of mind by significantly reducing bacteria and viruses.

The Link to Bird Flu
The FDA recently reassured consumers that pasteurized dairy products remain safe despite bird flu outbreaks among U.S. dairy cows. However, raw milk may expose people to avian flu or other pathogens, adding another layer of risk.

Why Experts Advise Against Raw Milk
Registered dietitians discourage drinking raw milk, especially for vulnerable groups like children, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems. No matter how clean a farm appears, risks like contamination from cow feces or infections can’t be eliminated.

Making an Informed Choice
While some see raw milk as a natural and healthy option, its risks are significant. Consumers must weigh potential health benefits against the dangers of foodborne illness and decide carefully. For most, the safety of pasteurized milk is a better choice.